India is experiencing an unprecedented transition from rural to urban living. Its urban population increased from 222 million in 1990, to 410 million in 2014 and is forecast to increase to 814 million by 2050, according to a United Nations report. The pace of urbanisation has been so rapid Delhi and Mumbai are now the 2nd and 6th most populous cities in the world. Clearly this rapid increase in the country’s urban population has put significant pressure on its existing urban infrastructure, particularly with transportation. Indian cities face severe traffic congestion. Growing traffic and limited road space have reduced peak-hour speeds to 5 to 10 kms per hour in the central areas of many major Indian cities.

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