In what is expected to be "the final nail in the coffin" for HIV, a new vaccine against HIV is being tested in South Africa. The first large study of an HIV vaccine's effectiveness since 2009 is led by South Africa's Glenda Gray, head of South Africa's Medical Research Council. This is expected to end the 33-year-long wait (since 1983) to develop an effective vaccine. Currently, the only effective prevention is abstinence or the use of condoms during sexual intercourse.

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