It’s a patient’s worst nightmare: They’re paralyzed from an accident or disease, and slowly, even the ability to signal by blinking is taken from them. It’s called total or complete “locked-in syndrome,” or LIS. Fortunately, researchers have a way to help patients with the syndrome “speak” again—by just thinking the words. Total LIS is common among patients in late-stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a progressive motor neuron disease that takes away the body’s ability to move. Patients with this condition can’t speak, write, or blink to communicate their daily needs.

 

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