He years from 2005 to 2014 were declared as the United Nations General Assembly as the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) following the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation which emphasized that education is an indispensable element for achieving sustainable development. UNESCO was designated to be the lead agency for the Implementation Schemes for the DESD. It was thought that along with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) process, the Education for All (EFA) movement, the DESD was meant to achieve an improvement in the quality of education and life. The focus was to be on the most deprived and marginalized for fulfillment of human rights including gender equality, poverty reduction, democracy and active citizenship. In India, at the elementary school level, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was a part of the DESD implementation as an Education-for-All (EFA) programme.

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