Widows’ associations, which sprung up after the 1994 massacre, are bucking Rwandan tradition by setting up retirement homes Odette Kayirere, left, of the Rwandan widows’ association Avega, says the group is all the family some women have. Photograph: Andrew Sutton for the Guardian

When the killing finally ceased in Rwanda, close to a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus had been slaughtered and up to half a million women raped. Among the estimated 300,000 Tutsi survivors, there were up to 10 times as many widows as widowers. Many of these women had seen their husbands hacked to death with machetes and their children thrown into latrines; some had been abducted, mutilated, gang-raped and infected with HIV.

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