Over the course of the next two weeks, delegates will attempt to hammer out the new universal treaty, which would enter force by 2020 More than 190 nations are participating in the 20th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 20) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which began in Lima, Peru on Monday. Christiana Figueres, executive secretary, UNFCCC, warned in her opening address that the international community ?must write history? to survive climate change. ?2014 is likely to be the hottest year on record and emissions continue to rise. We must act with urgency,? Figueres said. According to the conference?s agenda, countries will put forward what they propose to contribute to the planned 2015 agreement in the form of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) by the first quarter of 2015, in advance of the December 2015 conference scheduled in Paris, France, where the new universal UN-backed treaty on climate change will be adopted.

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